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Knowing how to prevent frozen pipes can save you from one of winter’s costliest disasters. When water freezes, it expands. That pressure can split a pipe, and a single burst can release hundreds of gallons in a few hours. Fortunately, prevention is cheap and simple.
Which Pipes Freeze First?
Pipes in unheated spaces are most at risk. Check these areas first.
- Basements and crawl spaces
- Attics and garages
- Exterior walls
- Pipes under kitchen and bathroom sinks
- Outdoor spigots and sprinkler lines
How to Prevent Frozen Pipes: 10 Steps
1. Insulate Exposed Pipes
Wrap foam pipe sleeves around any pipe in a cold area. They are inexpensive and easy to cut. Cover joints and bends too.
2. Disconnect Outdoor Hoses
Remove and drain every garden hose. Shut off the interior valve that supplies each outside faucet, and let the outdoor line drain. Foam faucet covers add extra protection.
3. Seal Air Leaks
Cold air entering through cracks can freeze pipes quickly. Caulk gaps around pipes, vents and cables where they enter the house. Our winterizing guide covers more sealing tips.
4. Keep the Heat On
Set the thermostat no lower than 55°F, even when you travel. Consistent warmth protects pipes inside walls and floors.
5. Open Cabinet Doors
Open the cabinets under sinks on exterior walls during freezing nights. This lets warm room air reach the pipes.
6. Let Faucets Drip
Leave a faucet dripping slightly on bitterly cold nights. Moving water is much harder to freeze, and a drip also relieves pressure. Choose a faucet served by exposed pipes.
7. Heat Your Garage and Basement
Keep garage doors closed. If you have a basement with plumbing, make sure it stays above freezing.
8. Use Heat Tape With Care
Electric heat cables can protect vulnerable pipes. Choose a product rated for your pipe type, and follow the instructions exactly.
9. Know Your Main Shut-Off Valve
Locate the main water shut-off now. If a pipe bursts, closing it quickly limits damage. Make sure every adult in the home knows where it is.
10. Prepare Before Travel
If you leave for several days, ask someone to check the house. You may also shut off and drain the water system.
What to Do If a Pipe Freezes
- Keep the faucet open so water can flow as the ice melts.
- Apply gentle heat with a hair dryer or heating pad, starting near the faucet.
- Never use an open flame.
- If you cannot find or thaw the frozen section, call a plumber.
- If a pipe has burst, shut off the main valve at once.
Learn how to find a water leak if you suspect damage after thawing.
Cold Weather Resources
The American Red Cross offers a helpful page on winter storm preparation.
Final Thoughts
You can prevent frozen pipes by insulating, sealing leaks and keeping your home warm. Take action before the first hard freeze, and you will avoid costly water damage all winter.